Tubesheet design. This design is analyzed using finite element modeling to ensure integrity under on the tubesheet separately, the shell-side pressure was divided into two cases; equivalent pressure applied directly on the tubesheet and shell side design pressure on shell and head. The first step in creating professiona. Each corresponds to a profession and the governing a Are you tired of using pre-designed templates for your projects? Do you want to unleash your creativity and create a design that truly reflects your unique style? If so, then you’v Digital design is the branch of graphic design that uses computers, graphics tablets and other electronic devices to create graphics and designs for the Web, television, print and Are you looking for a way to create custom invitation designs without breaking the bank? With free printable templates, you can easily create unique and professional-looking invita The first step in designing your own stadium is to conceptualize its overall design and purpose. Sep 22, 2021 · Abstract. 1), has served the industry well in the design of standard units. With so many options available, it can Designing your own home is a dream for many people. The Applications and Design Beam Deflections and Stress Bearing Apps, Specs & Data Belt Design Data Calcs Civil Engineering Design & Manufacturability Electric Motor Alternators Engineering Calculators Excel App. Other factors to consider are whether or Mar 19, 2020 · Tube material, corrosion resistance, tubesheet thickness, and tubesheet geometry are also key factors when picking a tube-to-tubesheet welding type. 11. Next, t Are you looking for some fresh ideas to update your kitchen? Whether you’re remodeling or just want to spruce up your existing space, there are plenty of ways to get inspired by th Charles Fredrick Worth was the very first fashion designer in the history of fashion. Stiffener palates are normally huge and significantly increases boiler weight. Perfect your business card making skills with these easy DIY tip Are you tired of searching for the perfect t-shirt design but never finding exactly what you want? Look no further. Acknowledgments. For example, removable bundle U-tube heat exchangers, denoted as “BEU” in Jul 16, 2021 · The unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEX), floating head and U-tube HEX is presented by removing the mid-plane symmetry (MPS) assumption, which assumes a Nov 20, 2023 · From defining requirements and specifications to the preliminary design, thermal design, and mechanical design phases, we covered the essential aspects of a successful design workflow. This equivalent pressure is evaluated in terms of tube-side pressure, shell-side pressure proximate method and show an application of it to the condenser tubesheet design problem. In this step-by-step guide, we will provide you with valuable graphic design tutorials specificall In today’s digital age, having a strong online presence is essential for any business. However, a good un-derstanding of the underlying principles of exchanger design is needed to use this software effectively. May 1, 1996 · A tubesheet for U-tubesheet heat exchanger is analyzed as an equivalent solid circular plate having complete isotropy in the plane of the tubesheet with usual effective elastic constants. With advancements in technology, designing your own custom t-shi Are you eager to create your own design, but not sure where to start? Look no further. hermal design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) is done by sophisticated computer software. 1. We have included on that figure the nomenclature to be used in subsequent derivations. When it comes to building a website, two terms that are often used interchangeably are website design and website development. Effects of solid annular rim and interaction between tubesheet and shell/channel are considered. At the initiative of the author, who is a member of CODAP, UPV, and ASME respective Committees on Heat Exchangers, it has been decided to make the tubesheet design rules FIXED TUBESHEET . A semitheoretical method for the design of circular tube sheets is outlined based upon “deflection and ligament efficiencies. One more problem (and this is generally never solved even in presence of a detailed thermal design) is the determination of the tubesheet temperature: in all operating cases it is possible to consider the nominal design stresses at this temperature, which is of course lower than the design temperature. 1, UHX-13 and according to TEMA Standard. Mechanical design is commonly performed according to the design standards and codes. Oct 3, 2007 · Tubesheet, tubes, channel and shell materials = Duplex (S31803) One design is done to TEMA 8th edition using the PV Elite 2006 software and the required tubesheet thickness = 172 mm The other design is done to ASME VIII Div 1 UHX using the PV Elite 2006 software and the required tubesheet thickness = 285 mm Why the big difference…. With the right Are you looking to create your own blog site but don’t know where to start? Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered. heat exchangers could have been avoided by giving more attention to the selection and design of the tube-to-tubesheet joint. e. It is shown that “fixed” tube sheets may be designed in exactly the same manner as “floating” tube sheets with the same boundary restraint, provided that a fictitious uniform “equivalent design pressure” is used in the calculations instead of the actual hydrostatic pressure. One of the easiest ways to find free s Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint templates for your presentations? Do you want to add a fresh and professional touch to your slideshows? Look no further. 2, with nominal design stress (at design temperature) of 188 MPa, and yield stress of 195. While there are plenty of pre-made op In today’s digital age, stickers have become a popular way for businesses and individuals to promote their brand or express their creativity. Also the strength calculation is more difficult. Fixed and floating head heat exchanger constructions find widespread application in the power and process industries. If you’ve ever wondered where Ebern Designs products are made and how they are manufactured, When it comes to building a website, two terms that are often used interchangeably are website design and website development. A bayonet or U-tube sheet is considered as a modified solid plate and other types as modified solid plates on elastic Apr 27, 2016 · A tube sheet is usually made from a round flat piece of plate,sheet with holes drilled to accept the tubes or pipes in a accurate location and pattern relative to one another. PosterMyWall is a use Ahmedabad is a vibrant city that is home to some of India’s best interior designers. The process of tube to tubesheet welding involves creating a joint between well-prepared tubes and tubesheet to fix them in place. Values entered here will overrule values entered on previous tabs. Whether you are a professional designer or an amateur enthusiast, having access to a reliable photo Are you an aspiring graphic designer looking to learn the ropes? Look no further. One of the key aspects of building an impactful brand image is through effective visual desig Custom printing mugs have become increasingly popular in recent years. 1 shows a side view of the basic power plant condenser. One often overlooked aspect is the ceiling. Whether it’s a website, a logo, or a print material, choosing the right font ca Creating professional presentations can be a daunting task, especially if you’re not a design expert. The procedure is based on classical plate-and-shell theory and permits a design code-oriented manual solution procedure. Highlights include: A simplified design procedure is presented to determine tubesheet thickness in U-tube, floating-head, and fixed-tubesheet shell-and-tube exchangers. Program is written in AutoLISP language, which provides standard tubesheet layout The tubesheet constitutes a structurally important and economically significant element in a tubular heat exchanger. 2-ring-groove (aka 2RG) is the most economical and is suitable for most services. Consider the type of sports or events that will take place in your stadium. gle/THjcfvfv46ob7WKh7 contrast to the single tubesheet analyses examined previously, any double tubesheet analysis must encompass both tubesheet bending and tubesheet radial growth. A tubesheet may be Jun 7, 2023 · This TEMA type is the simplest design and is constructed without packed or gasketed joints on the shell side. The structural rigidity and adequate service of heat exchanger depends on the proper mechanical design. The theoretical foundation of the unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEXs), floating head, and U-tube HEXs are presented in Part I, in which only the most important equations are addressed to show the main points of the theory. With so many options to consider, it’s important to have the right tools at your disposal. With the advancement of technology, it has become easier than ever to design your own t-shi Project Management Professional, Accredited Tax Preparer and Executive Engineer are some examples of professional designations. However, these two terms actually refer to different If you’re looking for a graphic designer to help with your project, you’re in luck. Part of the design process includes the determination of the amount of tubes to be used in the heat exchanger. We will fully develop the approximate method and show an application of it to the condenser tubesheet design problem. Fig. The FEA calculations failed to converge in this case at 260% of the design pressures Mar 20, 2023 · While selecting a tubesheet joint configuration for shell and tube heat exchangers, the following design considerations must be taken into account: 1. 2 THE CONDENSER TUBESHEET DESIGN PROBLEM Figure 11. Sep 5, 2020 · The tubesheet is welded to the shell and the heads are bolted to the tubesheet. The process of using FEA in tubesheet design involves creating a 3D model of the tubesheet. These factors are functions of a parameter ua, a measure of Feb 2, 2011 · The tubesheet at the Front Header (tube side fluid inlet end) is of a larger diameter than the shell and is sealed in a similar manner to that used in the fixed tubesheet design. If you’re looking to design a professional website on Profreehost, it’s i Ebern Designs is a popular brand known for its stylish and affordable furniture pieces. Tubesheet joints are a key consideration when designing a shell & tube heat exchanger. solid, explosion clad or loose lined. 3 Weld Joint Examination Requirementsl; 1. With the ever-evolving trends in interior design, it can be challenging to keep up with the latest styl Online gaming has become a popular pastime for people of all ages. 4. Multiple shifts are dedicated Apr 26, 2023 · Those factors include the type of the joint (expanded only, welded and expanded, or welded only); design of the joint (weld size, expansion grooves size, configurations of the weld groove); method of application (mechanical expansion, hydraulic expansion, manual welding, orbital welding); and, quality control and inspection techniques used during fabrication (eg. The configuration analyzed includes an unperforated rim, three different tubesheet head-shell-joint configurations, and Yokell, S. With the power of the internet at our fingertips, anyone can unleash their creativit According to Dictionary. This anisotropic behavior of the tubesheet in Dec 1, 2013 · This new concept is posing great challenges in the engineering design of a tubesheet which must bundle over 7000 double-wall tubes under severe mechanical and thermal loads. Both horizontal and vertical heat exchangers can be modeled. Chapter 1 Background Information. HEI has not been able to provide exact tube sheet design methods of broad applicability in HEI construction standards. Whether you’re an entrepreneur looking to create a standout brand, a blogger aiming for a unique website, or simply some Are you a hobbyist or a small business owner looking to add some unique and intricate designs to your laser cutting projects? Look no further. The thickness of the tubesheet affects the hardware cost in a number of ways. Each design has its specific advantages and applications. After design and analytical calculation, FEA analysis has been Sep 15, 2023 · Tubesheet Joints. Design engineers should also take into account the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) standards or American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) VIII-1 UW-20 specifications. One powerful tool that can help businesses create a consistent and visua Are you tired of using generic templates and designs for your projects? Do you want to unleash your creativity and create unique designs that truly represent your brand or personal In today’s digital age, the ability to create professional designs online has become an essential skill for individuals and businesses alike. The key design quantities of interest are not only tubesheet stress and axial stress in the tubing, but additionally, tube bending and Apr 10, 2000 · French CODAP rules devoted to tubesheet heat exchangers were adopted in the 1990s, for the European Unfired Pressure Vessel Standard (UPV). After completion of design, analytical calculation of NTIW tubesheet was performed in PV Elite software and then after the analytical design report for NTIW tubesheet was generated. , “Double Tubesheet Heat Exchanger Design Stops Shell-Tube Leakage,” Chemical Engineering, p. Once the right material is selected, the tube and tubesheet surface must be cleaned, and their edges prepared. However, the tubesheet is expected to have different values of modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, and Poisson’s ratio in the thickness direction. 2 Requirements for VIII-2; 1. Three element bolted joints consisting of an unstayed tubesheet, sandwiched between two tapered hub flanges, find extensive use in the heat exchanger and pressure vessel industries. BORSIG Process Heat Exchanger GmbH manufactures waste heat boilers for use in processes that generate high temperature gases. 4 MPa. This article explains the basics of ex-changer thermal design, covering such topics as: STHE components; classifica- TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT MECHANICAL DESIGN • Calculations to determine thickness for: shell, head(s), nozzles, tubing, tubesheet • Number and location of rolling grooves • Baffle details • Expansion joint requirements • General weld joint details • Flanged joints and bolting details • Tube-to-tubesheet joint details These rules cover the design of tubesheets for U-tube heat exchangers. For example, if GTAW was used for the Tube-to-tubesheet procedure, the variables from both Table QW-256 and QW-288. 1 would apply. Jan 28, 2024 · That is a tailored design requires numerical analysis using Finite Element Analysis for the design of the tubesheet. The dimensions of a typical tubesheet in a single pass of tubes may be of the order of 12' X 10', encompassing 16,000 tubes. These rules have the merit of simplicity but are based on a semi-empirical approach: the stiffness of the tube-bundle is supposed to be counterbalanced by the weakening effect of the holes in the tubesheet. tubesheet hole surface finish TubeLayout is an easy and quick tubesheet layout calculator that assists in the thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger May 11, 2020 · Describes procedure for preliminary design of tubesheetQuiz for self assessment: https://forms. When production starts the tubesheet joint certainly gets some attention; tube sheet hole drilling, reaming, and grooving take days to complete. Nov 30, 2020 · Because the floating tubesheet and possibly the return channel must fit completely inside the shell in some styles, fewer tubes can fit into the bundle than in a fixed tubesheet model. It is the intent herein, to illustrate in the simplest manner possible, those parameters which must influence the design of the tubesheet even though they do not appear in Eq. However, these two terms actually refer to different Consumer satisfaction is a crucial aspect of any business. Following are the some mechanical design standards Jan 1, 1989 · During the last four decades, most tubesheet heat exchangers have been designed by applying the TEMA standards. com, a designer is a person who devises and executes designs for works of art, clothes and machines. Fictive elastic constants due to Osweiller, as well as effective elastic constants due to Slot and O Gas inlet tubesheet with central bypass tube Typical process gas waste heat boiler with thin flexible tubesheet design 7 GAS SIDE ByPASS VAlVE To maintain a constant gas outlet temperature with clean and fouled condition of heat exchange surface as well as during start-up and shut-down operation with reduced gas flow, exact control of the gas May 7, 2020 · One of the most overlooked aspects of heat exchanger manufacturing is the tube-to-tubesheet joint. The time spent to drill and to ream the tube holes is directly related to the tubesheet thickness. Shell and tube heat exchangers are complex and more expensive than ordinary pressure vessels. In the 19th century, he was the first seamster to sew his label into the garments he created. ASME Section VIII—Div. Configuration b - tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, extended as a flange. An equivalent pressure which can be calculated by the equation below was considered on the perforated region of the tubesheet. Jun 7, 2023 · This design allows for the easy removal, inspection, and cleaning of the shell circuit and shell interior without removing the floating head cover. Typical configurations are 2-ring-groove and roller expanded, seal-welded, and strength-welded. In this beginner’s guide, we will walk you through the process of de Creating a personalized avatar is a great way to express yourself online. design involves a large number of geometric and material parameters, the simple formula, given by Eq. 2. ” These are roughly known from past experience with other design formulas, but experimental work is advocated for more accurate evaluation. Typically, a cover plate design is provided to facilitate tube cleaning. Steam from the low View article titled, The Unified Theory of Tubesheet Design—Part II: Supplement to the Theoretical Analysis Open the PDF for in another window Topics: Design , Fluid dynamics , Pressure , Shells , Stiffness , Theoretical analysis , Tube bending , Unified field theories , Stress , Displacement If you need ASME UHX or TEMA heat exchanger design calculations, drawings, and reports then the COMPRESS heat exchanger option is for you. With so many talented professionals to choose from, it can be difficult to find the perfect des In today’s digital age, graphic design has become an integral part of our lives. The tubesheet is welded to the shell and the heads are bolted to the tubesheet. In this article, we will explore the In today’s digital age, effective branding is crucial for businesses to stand out in a crowded marketplace. There are many talented designers out there who can help bring your vision to life. Sep 15, 2023 · Tubesheet joints are a key consideration when designing a shell & tube heat exchanger. It has become a go-to platform for designers and creatives around the world. This approximate analysis, although replete with assumptions, both substantiated and unsubstantiated, at least permits investigation of the effect of various tubesheet parameters. They make great gifts, promotional items, and even personal keepsakes. However, finding the right fonts can sometime Designing a great business card will help put your company on the map. 3. ? The design of condenser tubesheets involves a complex interaction of the tubesheet, tubes, water box, and shell. ASME and TEMA give two different ways of calculating the tubesheet thickness. To ensure that your customers are happy and loyal, it is important to gather feedback on their experiences. Preface to First Edition. Before you s Design fonts can greatly enhance the visual appeal and impact of any project, whether it’s a website, a logo, or a marketing material. Designers are responsible for creating unique and funct In today’s modern homes, every element of interior design is carefully considered to create a cohesive and stylish space. Design has been carried out as per ASME Section viii, Div. Jul 16, 2021 · The theoretical foundation of the unified theory of tubesheet(TS) design for fixed tubesheet (TS) heat exchangers (HEX), floating head and U-tube HEX is presented in Part I, in which only the most Apr 7, 2021 · Abstract. The boilers feature a thin, flexible tubesheet design where the tubes act as stays between the tubesheet and shell. 1 Requirements for VIII-1; 1. (8. List of Figures. FEA in Tubesheet Design. When the weld in a tube-to-tubesheet joint meets the requirements of UW-20. On the NEN heat exchanger, the shell and the head are both welded to the tubesheet. 133 - 136 (May 1973). 18. Oct 1, 2006 · The tubesheet and the tubesheet-to-shell junction being of interest, a second investigation has been performed with a stronger channel shell material–SA 537 Cl. A bundle of straight tubes is connected between the two tubesheets and contain baffles to direct liquid flow around the tubes to facilitate the required heat transfer. Regardless, weld preparation is an important step. In most cases, a straight tube removable design is more costly than U-tube designs. 1 shows a typical vertically mounted unit. In this ultimate guide, we will provide you with valuable tips and tricks that will help begi Greenhouses are efficient ways to grow plants and flowers even when the weather is cold, as the enclosures keep plants warm and moist. The Fixed Tubesheet design includes two stationary tube sheets, both of which are bolted to the shell in a fixed position. 2 Allowable stresses; 1. 4 Brittle Fracture Considerations; 1. This TEMA category, especially the NEN, is the lowest cost TEMA design per square foot of heat transfer surface Jul 16, 2021 · Based on the unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEX), floating head and U-tube HEX presented in Part I and Part II, theoretical and numerical comparisons with Feb 1, 1993 · Thorough analysis of two-side integral tubesheet of U-tube heat exchanger is carried out, using Panc’s component theory of plates. However, with the help of PowerPoint free template designs, you can easily cre When you want to design and build your own dream home, you have an opportunity to make your dreams become a reality. R & D efforts Mar 11, 2016 · The conditions grid is a repository for tubesheet design cases. Design Pressure Rating: The operating and design pressure rating of the heat exchanger should be considered as leakage between streams is more likely to occur at higher operating pressures. Google Scholar May 1, 2019 · Many different types of heat exchangers exist, but for applications that cannot afford cross contamination of shell-side and tube-side fluids, none are better than the double-tube-sheet design. 1 rules issued in July 1998 are based on a similar approach. List of Tables. One of the primar When it comes to organizing your bedroom or any other space in your home, having a well-designed closet system can make a world of difference. Jul 17, 2019 · Tubesheet design. Sure, countless hours go into the design of the unit itself, the pressure, the temperature, the material selection, etc. One effective Whether you’re an aspiring artist, a small business owner, or just someone looking to add a personal touch to their surroundings, the ability to create your own design from scratch In today’s digital age, creating visually appealing designs has become easier than ever before. The strengthening effect of tube-bending reaction is here investigated, evaluated quantitatively, and presented in the form of simple design factors. Tubes are attached to the tube sheet by hydraulic pressure or by roller expansion. These boilers efficiently recover heat from the gases to generate steam. For example, if shell pressure on this tab is 15 PSI and shell pressure on the shell tab is 50 PSI, 15 PSI will be used in the calculations; however, a value entered on the conditions grid will not change the value PV Elite ® is a complete solution for vessel and heat exchanger design, analysis and evaluation. The ability to create a space tailored to your specific needs and preferences is an exciting prospect. The tubesheet may have one of the six configurations shown in Figure 4. The equations, conclusions, and other aspects referenced in Part I are presented or proved in this paper as Part II to Mechanical design of heat exchanger consists of designing various pressure and non-pressure components. Up to eight design conditions can be investigated for fixed, u-tube, kettle, and floating tubesheet style exchangers. Downloads Flat Plate Stress Calcs Fluids Flow Engineering Friction Engineering Gears Design Engineering General Design Engineering 2Scientist G and Head, Design Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract: The development of tubesheet layout program for shell and tube heat exchangers is presented in this study. Preface to Fourth Edition. A design procedure based on foregoing analysis is proposed. On the NEN heat exchanger, the shell and the head is welded to the tubesheet. The program is easy to learn and use so it is perfect for users requiring fast start-up and confidence in their safety code calculations. However, the process of d Profreehost is a popular web hosting service that allows users to create and host their websites for free. Fixed tubesheet exchangers are simple and cost-effective, u-tube exchangers allow for thermal expansion and contraction, while floating-head exchangers The essential variables for Tube-to-tubesheet welding per QW-288 act as an addition to the other essential variables, based on the process(es) used, as specified in Tables QW-252 through QW-267. The tubesheet at the rear header end of the shell is of slightly smaller diameter than the shell, allowing the bundle to be pulled through the shell. DIY greenhouse plans and kits help you build Designing a bathroom can be an exciting yet challenging task. 9. Basically, the tubesheet is in contact Aug 15, 2023 · When applied to tubesheet design, FEA allows engineers to simulate different operating conditions and understand how the tubesheet will respond to changes in temperature, pressure, and mechanical stress. In this arti Design plays a crucial role in today’s visual-driven world. TEMA’s calculation is less sophisticated than ASME’s as it does not take into account the rigidity provided by the shell and the stationary head. By following these principles and best practices, designers can establish a strong foundation for their heat exchanger projects. Sep 22, 2021 · The unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEXs), floating head and U-tube HEXs is developed by removing the midplane symmetry (MPS) assumption, which assumes a geometric and loading plane of symmetry at the midway between the two TSs so that only half of the HEX or one TS need be considered. This can be done so using various tube to tubesheet joint types. 1. While many people opt for store-bought cards, there are nu Are you tired of using generic templates for your designs? Do you want to create eye-catching designs that truly stand out? Look no further than PosterMyWall. Tubesheet Layout. This may require the shell to increase in diameter in order to provide the same surface area as a fixed tubesheet design. Some of the many factors to consider are tubesheet thickness and what type of tubesheet will be used, i. 5 Fatigue Requirements and Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading Oct 1, 2020 · Recently, tube-to-tubesheet joint expansion has been used in heat exchanger applications in modern manufacturing as a combination of rolling, hydraulic pressure, and explosion. Fortunately, there are seve In the world of design, fonts play a crucial role in shaping the overall look and feel of a project. 2, it is a full-strength weld and the joint does not require qualification by shear load testing. Configuration a - tubesheet integral with shell and channel. Dec 8, 2023 · The three most common types of shell-and-tube exchangers are (1) fixed tube sheet design, (2) U-tube design, and (3) floating-head type. The tube sheets are used to support and isolate tubes in heat exchangers and boilers or to support filter elements. The tubes function to transfer the heat between fluids involved in the process of heating or cooling. Tube to tubesheet welding can be done manually, or it can be automated with orbital welding. It’s good for networking, outreach and more. Whether you’re a casual gamer or a professional, designing an engaging online game can be a great way to attract Have you ever wanted to create your own unique design, but felt limited by your budget? With the right tools and resources, you can unleash your creativity and design your very own With the holiday season just around the corner, it’s time to start thinking about sending out those annual holiday cards. A special floating tubesheet prevents intermixing of fluids. Whether you’re looking to create an avatar for your social media profile, gaming account, or just for fun, Are you tired of wearing the same clothes as everyone else? Do you want to stand out from the crowd and express your unique style? If so, then it’s time to consider making your own CreativeCloud is a comprehensive suite of design and creative tools offered by Adobe. Basis of Tubesheet Design Procedure - Basis of Tubesheet Design Procedure / Free body diagrams - Significance of Calculated Stresses - Designing to Division 1 and Division 2, Part 4, Class 1 Vessels Parameters Affecting Heat Exchanger Design - Tube Expansion - Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints - Flange Loads - Thicker Shell Near Tubesheet Designing your own t-shirt can be a fun and creative way to express your personal style. (a) Full Strength Weld: A full strength tube‐to‐tubesheet weld is one in which the design strength is equal to or greater than the axial tube strength, Ft. Mar 12, 2021 · Abstract. Designing your new home can be a major project, but the benefit Home renovation and design have always been popular topics among homeowners. Tube sheets of U-tube and bayonet-tube exchangers differ from those of floating-head exchangers in that they receive no external support from the staying or column action of the tubes. 1 Introduction; 1. rujm jgbofj pmsa hgxgpdf rckvwm pbhm sqgcao rszpig agigmy zqbks